Black Artists of the Coliseum and the Streets in 18th-Century New Spain

Abstract

This document explores the role and presence of Black artists and those of diverse ethnic backgrounds in the 18th-century theatre of New Spain, focusing on the city of Mexico. It discusses how these artists, despite facing social and legal restrictions, significantly contributed to the cultural and artistic landscape of the time. The study outlines demographic changes in New Spain, noting how the decline in the slave trade coincided with the demographic increase of the population of African descent. It addresses the socioeconomic conditions that led to a diverse workforce in the theatrical industry, including actors, musicians, and backstage workers, many of whom were of African ancestry. The article provides examples of Black and mulatto individuals who, despite social challenges, achieved recognition in the theatrical sphere. Moreover, the text discusses the economic aspects of theatre as a business, highlighting its profitability and the diverse workforce that sustained it. It presents cases of Black street performers who found alternative ways to express their art outside formal theatrical settings, indicating the vibrant and inclusive nature of street performance culture. Finally, the paper reflects on the broader social implications of these artistic expressions, suggesting that theatre and street performances were spaces of cultural convergence and resistance where the contributions of Black artists played a crucial role in shaping the cultural identity of New Spain.